The ʻiliahi (Hawaiian Sandalwood) is a slow-growing native tree treasured for its dense, fragrant heartwood historically prized for oil, incense, lei making, canoe decking, and ceremonial use. It is hemiparasitic, forming root connections with koa and other native species while still photosynthesizing independently. ʻIliahi thrives in dry to mesic forests and historically supported biodiversity across its range. Although it was heavily harvested in the 19th century, populations are now recovering in protected areas where its cultural significance and ecological roles are being honored. Today it remains valued for its healing oil and cultural significance. (Tropical HTIRC, Native Plants Hawaii, DLNR Forestry Program).